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Timur (Chagatai: تيمور Temür "Iron"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī (Chagatai: Temür Küregen), sometimes spelled Taimur and historically best known as Amir Timur or Tamerlane (Persian: تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, Chagatai: Aqsaq Temür, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. As an undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history. Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, as he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance. He is often credited with the invention of the Tamerlane chess variant, played on a larger 10×11 board. According to John Joseph Saunders, Timur was "the product of an Islamized and Iranized society", and not steppe nomadic.
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| Born |
Shuja-ud-din Timur bin Taraghai Barlas 1336 Kesh, Chagatai Khanate (now Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan)
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| Died |
1405 (aged 68) Farab, Timurid Empire (now Otrar, Kazakhstan)
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